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Background & objectives: One of the most challenging aspects of being a mother is managing the emotions aroused when caring of a special child. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of attachment to God and emotional maturity in predicting the self-compassion in mothers of deaf children.
Methods: The method of study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all mothers with deaf children aged between 3 and 10 years’ old who referred to rehabilitation centers under the supervision of welfare organization of Ardabil province. The samples included 60 mothers who were selected using convenient sampling method. The research tool was scales for measurement of attachment to God, emotional maturity and self-compassion. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions were used to analyze the data in SPSS software.
Results: Results showed that there were significant correlations between attachment to God (r=0.81, p<0.001), haven of safety (r=0.43, p<0.001), positive perception of God (r=0.09, p<0.05) and emotional instability (r=0.38, p<0.05) with self-compassion. Regression analysis showed that attachment to God was able to predict 81% of the self-compassion variance in mothers of deaf children.
Conclusion: According to the findings, one can conclude that attachment to God and emotional stability are important variables in the mental health of mothers with deaf children. Therefore, the training should be provided to create a secure attachment to God and emotional stability in parents of deaf children.

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Background & aim: Spirituality therapy means using the religious and cultural beliefs of individuals in the process of psychotherapy and considering the transcendent dimension of the clients that leads them to the transcendent source. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of spirituality therapy in improving the symptoms of internet addiction and quality of life among students.
Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study (multi-group with pretest-posttest). The statistical population of the study included all students with internet addiction, studying in the faculties of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in academic year of 1997-98. Samples were selected by available sampling (30 people) and assigned to experimental and control groups. Data were collected from groups using Internet Addiction and Quality of Life Scale in pre-test and post-test and analyzed by covariance statistical method in SPSS-21 software.
Results: The results of one-way analysis of covariance (ANKOVA) showed that there was a significant difference between internet addiction and quality of life between pre-test and post-test (p<0.001). Mankova analysis (with control of pre-test scores) showed that the spirituality therapy program was significant on variable means of quality of life and internet addiction.
Conclusion: Based on the results, it seems that spiritualty therapy is significantly effective in reducing the symptoms of internet addiction and increasing the quality of life in students. Therefore, it is suggested that psychotherapists use this treatment throughout the country to increase resilience and consequently, to control the symptoms of internet addiction and improve the quality of life of clients.

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Background & aim: Thinking to death is one of the main concerns of patients with diabetes and is associated with anxiety or stress. In addition, limitations imposed by long-term treatment can also cause stress in this group of patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy on death anxiety and perceived stress in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: This quasi-experimental research was a pretest-posttest design with follow-up and the statistical population included all patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the Charity Association for Diabetic Patients in Tehran, Iran, 2022. The statistical sample size was 40 patients (20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group) from the statistical population who were selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. In experimental group, eight 90-minute sessions of EMDR therapy were performed and no treatment received by control group. Death Anxiety Scale Timpler (1970) and Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen and el, 1983) were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements.
Results: The average scores of death anxiety in the stages before and after the intervention were 9.15 and 6.10 in the experimental group and 9.10 and 8.90 in the control group, respectively. Also, the average scores of perceived stresses in the stages before and after the intervention in the experimental group were 27.65 and 19.65, respectively, and in the control group, 26.45 and 26.05, respectively. Repeated-measure test showed that the post-intervention scores of mean death anxiety score and perceived stress score in the experimental group had significantly difference with scores from control group, and this effect has also continued in the follow-up stage (p<0.01).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that EMDR therapy can decrease death anxiety and perceived stress in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this intervention is suggested for the psychological rehabilitation of patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Background & aim: Sexual problems and disorders are more common than previously thought. Therefore, it requires study and treatment attention. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of sexual cognitive reconstruction training on sexual self-efficacy and sexual assertiveness of women with sexual problems.
Methods: The research method was semi-experimental which was carried out with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all women in the range of 25 to 40 years with sexual problems who were referred to the psychiatric centers of Ardebil in 2022. 30 women were selected with the available sampling method. They were randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. To collect data, the questionnaire of women's sexual disorders (Izodori et al., 2010), sexual Self-efficacy of vaziri-latfi kashani (2009) and Hulbert's sexual assertiveness index (1992) were used. Then experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of cognitive restructuring therapy (Rao and Kakar, 2019). Data analysis was done with MANCOVA multivariate analysis of covariance test with SPSS20 software.
Results: Based on the findings, the average pre-test score of sexual self-efficacy for the cognitive reconstruction group is 11.40 and post-test is 18.53. Also, for the control group, the average pre-test score is 12.06 and post-test is 12.33.
For sexual assertiveness, the average score of pre-test for the cognitive reconstruction group is 55.13 and post-test is 70.06. Also, for the control group, the average score of pre-test is 55.53 and post-test is 55.93. The experimental conditions were effective on increasing sexual self-efficacy (F=534.452, p<0.001) and sexual assertiveness (F=405.73, p<0.01) of the experimental group. Due to the results, sexual cognitive reconstruction training can increase the rate of sexual self-efficacy and sexual assertiveness of women with sexual problems.
Conclusion: Therefore, counselors and therapists can use that treatment method to increase sexual Self-efficacy and sexual assertiveness

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Background & aim: The presence of suicidal thoughts is a strong predictor of future successful suicide, which is related to psychological factors. Therefore, providing timely therapeutic/educational interventions may be effective in controlling psychological factors and thereby reducing suicide. The aim of this research was to investigate effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy training on levels of self-criticism and co-rumination in students with suicidal thoughts.
Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest with non-equivalent control group design. In this study, the research population consisted of all the students in Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University during the educational year of 1401-1402. After screening, 40 of them were selected using convenience sampling and by simple randomization method they were divided into two equal experimental and control groups (20 experimental and 20 control). The implementation of the experimental group was carried out in 8 sessions, each session lasting 75 minutes as a compassion-focused therapy training. However, the control group received no training and remained on the waiting list. Data were collected using the levels of self-criticism scale and the co-rumination questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (multivariate analysis of covariance) statistics in SPSS-24.
Results: Results indicated that compassion-focused therapy training significantly reduced the levels of self-criticism and co-rumination in students with suicidal thoughts (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that the compassion-focused therapy training can be used as an effective intervention in reducing the levels of self-criticism and co-rumination in students with suicidal thoughts.

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Background & aim: Due to the adverse effects of emotional disturbances on physical, social and mental health, people suffer from the psychological or emotional trauma associated with death. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy and logo therapy in reducing death anxiety in students with emotional disturbance.
Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test and follow-up with a control group design. The study population included all the students of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch, during the academic year 2019-2019. The research sample was selected in the following two phases. A) Identification phase: A total of 300 students, who were selected according to the convenience sampling method, completed the emotional disturbance questionnaire. B) Sample selection phase: Finally, 45 students out of the first phase were selected as the study sample. They reached 1 standard deviation above the cutoff point in their emotional disturbance scale scores. They were assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (15 people each) based on a random number generator (http://stattrek.com/statistics/random-number-generator.aspx). For the first experimental group, the acceptance and commitment-based therapy and for the second experimental group, logo therapy was performed in 8 sessions of 75 minutes each over 4 weeks. Data were collected using Templer's (1970) death anxiety scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software and analysis of variance using repeated measures.
Results: The results showed that logo therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy interventions had an impact on death anxiety among emotionally disturbed students (p<0.05). Additionally, the results of the post-tests showed that there was a significant difference between the two treatment methods on the death anxiety variable (p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results both logo therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy significantly improved death anxiety in the students with emotional disturbance. However, the effect of logo therapy was statistically more significant than that of acceptance and commitment-based therapy. Therefore, the use of these interventions is recommended for students with emotional disturbances.

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Background: Due to many psychological problems and issues and the need for psychotheraeutic interventions in cancer patients, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the appearance schema and shame/guilt emotion in married women with breast cancer.
Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The study population consisted of all married women aged 20-45 with breast cancer in Ardabil city, who underwent modified mastectomy and visited a physicians' office for follow-up in 1402. A total number of 39 people were selected by simple random sampling and divided into two groups, experimental (n=19) and control (n=20) . The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of educational intervention on acceptance and commitment therapy by Hayes & Strosahl (2010). Data collection tools included the shame and guilt proneness scale of Cohen et al. (2011) and the Cash et al. (2003) appearance schema inventory. Data analysis was performed using the multivariate analysis of variance test using the SPSS-22 statistics software.
Results: According to the results, in the experimental and control groups, there were significant differences among the shame emotion (F=64.13, p<0.01), guilt proneness (F=67.22, p<0.01) and appearance schema (F=77.14, p<0.01). This means that the acceptance and commitment therapy reduced the appearance schema and shame/guilt emotion in the experimental group.
Conclusion: Considering that the acceptance and commitment therapy had a positive effect on appearance schema and shame/guilt emotion in married women with breast cancer. Therefore, this treatment may be used to reduce the psychological problems in these patients.