Journal of Health And Care
Volume 22, Issue 1 (spring 2020)
JHC 2020, 22(1): 53-64 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Reisy L, Ziaee S, Mohammadi E, Hajizade E. Explaining the Process of Vaginismus Diagnosis: a Content Analysis. JHC 2020; 22 (1) :53-64
URL: http://hcjournal.arums.ac.ir/article-1-932-en.html
URL: http://hcjournal.arums.ac.ir/article-1-932-en.html
Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
Abstract: (2191 Views)
Background & aim: 150 years consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria of pain, contraction and spasms has been questioned to explain vaginismus. The aim of this study was to understand the process of vaginismus diagnosis in women.
Methods: The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach based on the content analysis between 2014-2015. A total of 33 participants including 20 in patients group and 13 in clinical diagnostic group (gynecologist, midwife and clinical psychologist) were selected through purposeful and theoretical sampling in the clinics and family health centers of Tehran and Karaj and they were interviewed based on semi-structured method.
Results: From data analysis, two topics of "perceived disorder in marital relations" with sub-themes of physical suffering and inability to have sexual intercourse and annoyance and psychological-emotional damage and also "applied diagnostic skills and knowledge" with sub-themes of behavioral interaction, were obtained from the diagnostic conditions and diagnostic criteria of the therapist.
Conclusion: The results showed that the therapist should be able to skillfully observe and discover the clinical diagnostic criteria of vaginismus, such as spasm, contraction, and pain, based on what he or she has learned as knowledge of vaginismus. The vaginismus is subsequently confirmed by a skillful analysis of the patient's marital status and the discovery of the dimensions of the patient's physical suffering and inability to have sex and the resulting psychological and psychological damage. For a definitive diagnosis of vaginismus, it is recommended that, at the first, a gynecological examination be performed to detect the clinical features, and second, a skilled analysis of the quality of the couple's marital relationship is recommended.
Methods: The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach based on the content analysis between 2014-2015. A total of 33 participants including 20 in patients group and 13 in clinical diagnostic group (gynecologist, midwife and clinical psychologist) were selected through purposeful and theoretical sampling in the clinics and family health centers of Tehran and Karaj and they were interviewed based on semi-structured method.
Results: From data analysis, two topics of "perceived disorder in marital relations" with sub-themes of physical suffering and inability to have sexual intercourse and annoyance and psychological-emotional damage and also "applied diagnostic skills and knowledge" with sub-themes of behavioral interaction, were obtained from the diagnostic conditions and diagnostic criteria of the therapist.
Conclusion: The results showed that the therapist should be able to skillfully observe and discover the clinical diagnostic criteria of vaginismus, such as spasm, contraction, and pain, based on what he or she has learned as knowledge of vaginismus. The vaginismus is subsequently confirmed by a skillful analysis of the patient's marital status and the discovery of the dimensions of the patient's physical suffering and inability to have sex and the resulting psychological and psychological damage. For a definitive diagnosis of vaginismus, it is recommended that, at the first, a gynecological examination be performed to detect the clinical features, and second, a skilled analysis of the quality of the couple's marital relationship is recommended.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
pregnancy health
Received: 2018/04/28 | Accepted: 2018/04/29 | Published: 2020/03/29
Received: 2018/04/28 | Accepted: 2018/04/29 | Published: 2020/03/29
References
1. Engman M. Partial vaginismus: definition, symptoms and treatment: Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin; 2007.
2. Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®): American Psychiatric Pub; 2013.
3. Binik YM. The DSM diagnostic criteria for vaginismus. Archives of sexual behavior. 2010;39(2):278-91.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-009-9563-x [DOI:10.1007/s10508-009-9560-0] [PMID]
4. McCool ME, Theurich MA, Apfelbacher C. Prevalenceand predictors of female sexual dysfunction: A protocol for asystematic review. Sexual medicine Reviews 2016;75(3):344-9.
5. MR S. Female sexual dysfunction in a population-based study in Iran: prevalence and associated risk factors. International Journal of Impotence Research. 2006;18:382-95. [DOI:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901440] [PMID]
6. M L. Can vaginismus be discriminated from dyspareunia? A Test of the proposed DSM-5, Genital pain/penetration disorder criteria 2012.
7. Crowley T, J H. Diagnosing and managing vaginismus. BMJ. 2009;338:1-9. [DOI:10.1136/bmj.b2284] [PMID]
8. Lahaie M, Boyer S, Amsel R, Khalife S, Y B. Vaginismus: a review of the literaturebon the classification/ diagnosis,etiology and treatment. . Women's Health 2010;6(5):705-19. [DOI:10.2217/WHE.10.46] [PMID]
9. Seehusen DA, Baird DC, Bode DV. Dyspareunia in women. American family physician. 2014;90(7):465-70.
10. ED. R. Vaginismus: evaluation and management. In: Goldstein AT PC, Goldstein I, eds, editor. Female Sexual Pain Disorders: Evaluation and Management. Oxford, United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell; 2009. p. 229-34. [DOI:10.1002/9781444308136.ch35]
11. Yasan A, F G. Marital satisfaction, sexual problems, and the possible difficulties on sex therapy in traditional Islamic culture. Journal of sex & marital therapy. 2008;35(1):68-75. [DOI:10.1080/00926230802525687] [PMID]
12. Graneheim UH LB. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. . Nurse Educ Today. 2004;24(2):105-12. [DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001] [PMID]
13. Salsali M, Fakhrmovahedi A, M C. Grounded Theory in medical research(Persian). Tehran: Bshra; 1386.
14. K C. Constructing Grounded Theory. London: SAGE publications; 2006.
15. Fugl-Meyer KS, Bohm-Starke N, Damsted Petersen C, Fugl-Meyer A, S P, A. G. Standard operating procedures for female genital sexual pain. The journal of sexual medicine. 2013;10(1):83-93. [DOI:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02867.x] [PMID]
16. ŞafakÖztürk C AH. Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Sexual Satisfaction, Marital Adjustment, and Levels of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Couples with Vaginismus. Turk PsikiyatriDerg. 2017;28(3):172-80.
17. S K. The Genito- Pelvic Pain/ Peneteration Disorder paradigm and Beyond.Groningen. University of Groningen: University of Groningen; 2017.
18. Weinberger JM, Houman J, Caron AT, Patel DN, Baskin AS, Ackerman AL, et al. Female Sexual Dysfunction and the Placebo Effect: A Meta-analysis. Obstetrics and gynecology. 2018;132(2):453-8. [DOI:10.1097/AOG.0000000000002733] [PMID]
19. Lahaie MA, Amsel R, Khalife S, Boyer S, Faaborg-Andersen M, Binik YM. Can Fear, Pain, and Muscle Tension Discriminate Vaginismus from Dyspareunia/Provoked Vestibulodynia? Implications for the New DSM-5 Diagnosis of Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder. Archives of sexual behavior. 2015;44(6):1537-50. [DOI:10.1007/s10508-014-0430-z] [PMID]
20. S R. Female Sexual Dysfunction Among Muslim Women: Increasing Awareness to Improve Overall Evaluation and Treatment Sex Med Rev. 2018 3-5.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |